# Ipamorelin References: The Cited Studies Behind the GH-Axis Digest

> Ipamorelin references — the full source list behind this digest, with DOIs and PubMed links: the founding selectivity study, human pharmacokinetics, the Phase 2 trial, and more.

Primary literature with DOIs and PubMed links, so every claim on the site can be checked at the source.

## How to read this list

These are the ipamorelin references cited throughout the digest, numbered to match the bracketed markers [N] on every page. Where a study is on a related compound rather than ipamorelin itself — CJC-1295, a different ghrelin-receptor agonist, or GH-axis background — the entry and the in-text use say so plainly. Each entry carries a DOI or a PubMed link so you can read the source directly. Nothing on this site makes a quantitative claim that isn't tied to one of these.

## References

[1] Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, Thogersen H, Madsen K, Ankersen M, Andersen PH. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998;139(5):552-561. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9849822/
[2] Gobburu JV, Agerso H, Jusko WJ, Ynddal L. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin, a growth hormone releasing peptide, in human volunteers. Pharm Res. 1999;16(9):1412-1416. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10496658/
[3] Beck DE, Sweeney WB, McCarter MD; Ipamorelin 201 Study Group. Prospective, randomized, controlled, proof-of-concept study of the ghrelin mimetic ipamorelin for the management of postoperative ileus in bowel resection patients. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2014;29(12):1527-1534. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25331030/
[4] Johansen PB, Nowak J, Skjaerbaek C, Flyvbjerg A, Andreassen TT, Wilken M, Orskov H. Ipamorelin, a new growth-hormone-releasing peptide, induces longitudinal bone growth in rats. Growth Horm IGF Res. 1999;9(2):106-113. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10373343/
[5] Lu Z, Ngan MP, Liu JYH, Yang L, Tu L, Chan SW, Giuliano C, Lovati E, Pietra C, Rudd JA. The growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a agonists, anamorelin and ipamorelin, inhibit cisplatin-induced weight loss in ferrets: Anamorelin also exhibits anti-emetic effects via a central mechanism. Physiol Behav. 2024;284:114644. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39043357/
[6] Stokes AH, Falls JG, Yoon L, Cariello N, Faiola B, Colton HM, Jordan HL, Berridge BR. Integrated approach to early detection of cardiovascular toxicity induced by a ghrelin receptor agonist. Int J Toxicol. 2015;34(2):151-161. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25722321/
[7] Jimenez-Reina L, Canete R, de la Torre MJ, Bernal G. Influence of chronic treatment with the growth hormone secretagogue Ipamorelin, in young female rats: somatotroph response in vitro. Histol Histopathol. 2002;17(3):707-714. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12168778/
[8] Malmlof K, Johansen PB, Haahr PM, Wilken M, Oxlund H. Methylprednisolone does not inhibit the release of growth hormone after intravenous injection of a novel growth hormone secretagogue in rats. Growth Horm IGF Res. 1999;9(6):396-403. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10629165/
[9] Welle S, et al. Growth hormone and growth hormone secretagogue effects on nitrogen balance and urea synthesis. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2009;19(3):260-265. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19231263/
[10] Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):799-805. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16352683/
[11] Frohman LA, Kineman RD. Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(4):1294-1295. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17018654/

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A bright, plain-English reading of the Ipamorelin record — the clean ghrelin-receptor GH pulse traced to IGF-1 and cited to source, the one failed human trial kept in full view beside the rodent data, and the community reports pinned plainly to one side as anecdote; no clinic behind the page, and nothing here dosed, dispensed, or sold.